The Controversy Of Autism Spectrum Disorder - 1323 Words

The Controversy Defining Autism Autism continues to spark countless discussions and debates throughout the medical field. Some doctors believe that autism is a neurological disorder that can and should be treated, as others continue to think it is simply a difference in human adaption that needs to be nurtured and acknowledged. Regardless of what autism may be, it continues to dramatically rise in the number of children and families affected. With autism being based on such a broad spectrum, the affects and causes leaves the medical world searching for answers in unending stacks of research. Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder, which alters impairments in social interaction, communication, restricted interests, and repetitive†¦show more content†¦Autism establishes an effect altering brain development very early on. Signs are first observable during infancy or early childhood, originating at the age of six months, noticing symptoms by age two or three, and progressing throughout adulthood. It s important to realise, though people with autism may be intensely impaired in certain aspects throughout life, they often have the tendency to immeasurably flourish in other areas. Autism transforms each individual differently, vacillating from social awkwardness at the high functioning end to completely trapping one inside themselves at the lower end of the spectrum. Socially, those with autism are unable to engage in the normal give and take aspect of everyday interactions. They fail to see things in another’s perspective as they may lack the understanding tha t each individual has different thoughts, feelings, and needs. This creates a problem with the conscious ability to predict or understand another’s actions. It is common for those with autism to be unable to express themselves which can lead to outbursts, physically aggressiveness, or even self-injuring behaviors. When it comes to communication some autistic children may never develop language skills needing the use of signs, photos, or electronic speaking devices. Then again, others may develop a precocious language ability, being able to speak like a professor, but have difficulty sustaining or showing interest in a conversation. A noticeable

Research on Primates at the Zoo Free Essays

[pic] A Zoo for a Primate Observation 11/15/2012 For this paper I decided to visit Zoo Atlanta to observe lowland gorillas. I got to the zoo at around eleven in the morning and found out the feeding times for the gorillas. Once I found them, after watching them for a little while I selected the most active group to go watch during feeding. We will write a custom essay sample on Research on Primates at the Zoo or any similar topic only for you Order Now The point of this trip was to make me feel as if I was doing a field laboratory observation of primate social behavior and it definitely did. As you read my paper I will include what I saw, my feelings towards it, and also any questions or facts I received during my visit from volunteers or signs throughout the exhibit. To put this paper into perspective with this anthropology class I will be using five terms that are from chapter seven to relate the field observation. I hope you enjoy my paper, cause I sure enjoyed writing it. At Zoo Atlanta there are four troops of Lowland Gorillas although only three are located on the yards right now. The three different groups are Taz’s group, Ozzie’s group, and the Bachelor males. While observing the different groups Taz’s was the most active and therefore I decided to observe them especially during feeding. Feeding was at two fifteen in the afternoon and the feeder stood on top of the building that had a huge glass window to watch out. A volunteer gave the following information to me or I observed it for myself during my visit. Every group eats about six times a day including snacks. The most important meal being breakfast just like anatomically modern humans is served right before or right as the park opens. This meal is cute up in small pieces and scattered throughout the park so that they must forage for the food since this is what they would have to do in the wild. Before this meal they are served pre-breakfast which is considered a primate chow very similar to what dogs eat made my pedigree. They also get snacks throughout the day, mainly fruits. One thing that really shocked me is that they are ALL vegetarian. They are all so big and by first glance you would never imagine that. The thing that shocked me the most was during the feeding when every single gorilla got into a certain spot and that’s where he or she was fed this is mainly because they are not good at sharing, especially mothers. This process of them learning that they must get into their own spot is a great example of enculturation. Enculturation is the process of learning culture and transmitting it throughout generations. The last thing with feeding is that they do a process called RNR if they are still hungry. This act is known as regurgitation and re-eating. As nasty as that sounds they do it over and over until they are finally full. One crazy interesting fact is that on an average day a male gorilla consumes sixty-six pounds of vegetation a day. Other than food, other interesting things I found were the similarities of the lowland gorillas compared to humans. Can you believe they take the same medications as us? Well they do! They take heart medications due to genetic heart problems and see cardiologist just like us. Another similarity is when females are pregnant, there pregnancy last just about the same length of time, eight to nine months and they have only one at a time. One of their females actually had twins within the last couple years and the lady I spoke with kept repeating herself at how rare twins are between gorillas. She made a joke and I thought it was kind of funny, she said â€Å"she gave birth on Halloween so I think that was her way of saying â€Å"trick or treat†. The Atlanta Zoo is actually the only zoo with mother-reared twins, isn’t that awesome? Another thing is when the little gorillas were playing they were pretty rough just like little kids are when they are playing around. This is more of a comparison than a similarity but a sign in the zoo in the area that the gorillas were in, said â€Å"Gorilla’s have distinct nose prints like humans have distinct fingerprints. † Just like when the police are trying to identify someone they use fingerprints, well when people are trying to identify the gorilla they can use the different nose prints. I am now going to tell you what I learned while at the zoo and I will start that with the gorilla’s social behaviors. First off the gorillas were in the back of the park in the Ford African Rain Forest. Ford Company sponsors this area and they actually named one of the gorillas, Henry Ford. The first group I observed was the Bachelor’s and only two were out that you could see but three is apart of the yard. Their names are Stadi, Kekla, and Charlie. The two that were showing any social interest was Kekla and Charlie according to the volunteer but all they did was either sit down or move from branch to branch and sit again. I decided to move on after about ten minutes and that is when I saw Taz’s group. This group was constantly moving around, playing, â€Å"being rough†, climbing on rock figures set up for them in the exhibit, eating leaves, or relaxing in the sunshine. Henry Ford is also apart of Taz’s group. Gorillas live in families of two to twenty members, with usually one being male and the rest female and offspring. This is exactly the case with Taz’s group. There is nine altogether and I will list them from oldest to youngest: Kuchi, Taz, Kudzoo, Sukari, Lulu, Kazi, Macy B, Henry, and Merry Leigh (Willie B’s granddaughter). Within that group Taz is the only male other than Henry who is his offspring. Since these gorillas were actively on the move I did get the chance to hear and see a couple noises they make. The first was when Henry started running it sounded almost like drums, but vocally I did not hear anything and I asked the attendant and she said that all you really ever hear is them running around. The other thing that caught my attention that I thought was so cute was when Merry Leigh came up to the glass and thumped her chest. I thought that only happened it movies but it was the cutest thing. The volunteer said that this is her way of showing that she is the cutest one out there but can also be a sign to intimidate. Before Taz’s group was fed I observed their behavior for a couple hours. They were active especially compared to the Bachelor’s. The first thing I noticed was that Taz was sitting to the left of everyone at the back close to the fence/window. This brought me to question why and I was assured it was due to him being the â€Å"silverback† of the group. That means he is the protector, which is the father’s place. He sits there just about all day watching to make sure everything is going smoothly and that no one is acting up or is unsafe. He makes sure everyone is cooperating or using cooperative behavior. Just like in human families how the dad’s are the protectors it is the same scenario here. The children or â€Å"baby† gorillas played with each other throwing their arms around on each other while the mothers sat and watched. When they were done playing they would go climb on things or just be active. During my visit there was no conflict but at any point it could arise but the father, in this case Taz would take care of it. Some really interesting facts I found are that they do not have to drink water because they receive enough in their diet, although they are the largest primates. The average male gorilla weighs about three to four hundred pounds and can end up being six foot tall. Gorilla’s love sleep and an important thing to them is making a new nest to sleep in every night. As long as they stay healthy, especially ones in captivity can live to their late forties to early fifties. Overall, these little, well should I say big fellows are becoming endangered and unfortunately there is only about one hundred thousand left running around in the wild. One thing that really stuck out to me was that they have opposing thumbs, which is used for grasping and climbing. The full definition for opposing thumb is a thumb that can touch all the other fingers. Also, they see in color and in three-dimensional. Not only are they unique but also smart. At this point, they are undergoing cultural transmission along with the orangutans, which is a transmission through learning, basic to language. Overall, I must say they are very interesting mammals. In this paper I went over the socialization of lowland gorillas, along with their eating habits, similarities to humans, and also included some random facts in that I thought were very interesting. This trip to the zoo was enjoyed to the fullest and I hope this paper reflects that. Lowland Gorilla’s are actually very interesting and there is a lot more to them than I ever expected. Learning all this stuff about the gorillas makes me wonder what all I am really missing out there and what else there is to know about everything. Gorillas, lowland in particular live in troops usually with one head male and the rest females with offspring. They usually reach three hundred to four hundred pounds and have only one baby at a time. Their pregnancies last for nine months or just about, just like humans. They eat their vegetarian meals about six times a day, and do not have to drink water to survive because they receive enough in their meal. Some seem very active, especially younger ones while the bachelor troop seemed very laid back but that may be because they are older. On average, gorillas range from two to twenty per troop but the biggest I saw on my trip was nine. They can take prescription medications just like you and me! Even have some of the same problems such as cardiovascular problems and arthritis. Overall, we are very much alike although the chimpanzees are the closest versions of mammal to us. They have their own forms of communication, birth is very similar, we eat some of the same things, take some of the same medication, can reach the same heights, and we all have bodies with hair. This has definitely opened my eyes to things I have never seen or thought of before but learning new things is great so I believe this experience was well worth the price. My impressions of the zoo was that it was very well maintained and clean, yet kind of pricy but I understand that they need to make money to feed those beautiful animals. I enjoyed this assignment a lot, and I am glad I had the opportunity to do this. ———————– One of my favorite pictures I took at Zoo Atlanta while observing Taz’s group. How to cite Research on Primates at the Zoo, Essays

Ethical Issues for Ownership and Confidentiality- myassignmenthelp

Question: Write about theEthical Issues for Ownership and Confidentiality. Answer: Introduction Ethics can be defined as those things or characters that can be termed to be morally right (Patrignani, 2009). This can be viewed in various perspectives under different situations or environment in determining if the actions performed are ethical or not. These behaviors that are examined in order to find out if an action was wrong or right are what are referred to ethical issues. Ethical issues are defined by different environment in which an action is performed (Blacks, 2011). In IT and security consultancy environment there are various ethical characters or habits that are considered in order to ensure that actions or functions are performed well within the defined code of ethics as expected (Syracuse, 2017). Identification of Ethical Issues Based on the IT and Security Consultants scenario given, there are various ethical issues that arises. These issues revolve around two competing parties who seek IT and security consultancy services from the same IT and Security consultant. From this the consultant is able to know information about these two companies. These therefore, brings about information ownership, privacy and confidentiality as some of the ethical issues related to this scenario ethical issues Analysis of Ethical Issues Privacy This is the act of preserving other peoples information by not sharing their information with third parties without the owners consent (Cohen, 2008). From the given scenario the consultant is faced with an ethical choice on whether to disclose client A information that could be helpful to client B. If the consultant chooses to share this information with client B, it will compromise the privacy of Client A information and this will raise ethical issues since the consultant is supposed to protect his clients information with a higher degree of privacy (Relkin, 2008). Ownership and Confidentiality Both client A and client B have right to their own information and they are the only people who can choose what to do with their information. Therefore the information they provide to the IT and security consultant still remains their property and therefore the consultant should treat their information with high level of confidentiality (Ramey, 2012). The consultant should therefore not share client A information to client B without seeking permission from client B. This is because client A is the sole owner of the information and possesses all the right pertaining to it. An act of sharing clients A information with client B by the consultant will therefore be unethical (Berzai, 2017). Evaluation and Justification Privacy According to deontology ethical theories the consultant should adhere to his/her obligations of providing services to his clients without having to disclose their information to their competitors (Chonko, 2012). Therefore it will be ethically right for the consultant to treat his/her clients information as private property in which only the owner has the right to share to whoever he/she wishes. Also the consultant should consider the consequences of sharing clients A information to Client B as explained by Chonko on the utilitarian theory. Despite the information benefiting Client B, this action will badly hurt client A and the whole process will be unethical since one should not use other peoples information to harm them (Chonko, 2012) as it goes against ethical principle that state that if an action is not right for everyone to take then it should not be taken for anyone at all (Mary, 2008). Ownership and Confidentiality In accordance to the ethical right theory, IT and security consultant should never disclose his/her own clients business details as it is only the clients who control over their information (Bossmann, 2016). Therefore, if the consultant chooses to disclose clients information this will amount to unethical action and this will compromise the consultant trust and virtue in providing services to his/her clients as per the virtue theory. This theory states that a person is judged by his/her character which is determined by the actions a person takes (Fieser, 2012). For instance, if the consultant chooses to share client A information with client B and then client B finds out about the action, client B will no longer trust the IT and security consultant (Mason, 2007) . This will affect the consultant virtue largely and his level of trust from his clients will reduce due to failure to keep clients information confidential and respect information ownership of his clients (Bu/lough, 2010). Conclusion From the above explanations, the consultant loyalty should be on both his/her clients by ensuring that he adhere to ethical actions explained in utilitarian, rights, virtue and deontology ethical theories (usask, 2009). Therefore, the client should not interfere with his clients information. He should ensure that the clients information remains to be private property and observe the confidentiality of each clients information (Sandler, 2011). This will improve his clients trust on him and his functions as a consultant will be ethically right. Reference Berzai, L. (2017, July). Ethical Problems in Computing. How Ethical Theories Apply to IT Professionals., pp. 5-9. Blacks. (2011). What is ETHICAL ISSUE? Ethical Issues, 1-3. Bossmann, J. (2016). Top 9 ethical issues in artificial intelligence. Research, Foresight Institute. Bu/lough, V. (2010, March). ETHICAL ISSUES IN TECHNOLOGY. Retrieved from Humanism Today: https://www.humanismtoday.org/site/vol4/bullough.pdf Chonko, L. (2012). Ethical Theories. The University of Texas. Arlington: DSOF. Cohen, J. (2008). Privacy and Confidentiality. New York: CIRE. Fieser, J. (2012). Ethics. Research, University of Tennessee at Martin, USA. Mary. (2008). Ethical Decision Making in Everyday Work Situations. New York: Wuorum books. Mason, R. O. (2007). Four Ethical Issues of the Information Age. Research, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX. Patrignani, N. (2009). Teaching Computer Ethics Challenges and Methodologies. Uppsala: cpsr. Ramey, K. (2012). 5 Ethical Challenges of Information Technology. use of technology. Relkin, J. (2008, August). 10 ethical issues confronting IT managers. 1-6. Sandler, G. (2011). "Five Ethical Theories: Bare Bones for Business Educators". Research. Syracuse. (2017, May 24). Academic. Retrieved August 29, 2017, from Syracuse University: https://soe.syr.edu/academic/counseling_and_human_services/modules/Common_Ethical_Issues/theories_of_ethics.aspx usask. (2009, March 14). Retrieved August 29, 2017, from usask: https://homepage.usask.ca/~wiebeb/Etheory.html

Theories of Intelligence and Students Achievements

Summary The article discusses the role played by implicit theories of intelligence in influencing the achievements of adolescents in mathematics. This was done through two research studies that involved different groups of adolescents. The first study involved 373 adolescents in 7th grade. This study had two variables: students who held the belief that intelligence could be easily influenced, and students who believed that intelligence was fixed and cannot be altered.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Theories of Intelligence and Students’ Achievements specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The researcher tested the efficacy and influence of goals and belief on individual effort. In the second study, a group of 48, 7th graders was taken through a learning model that focused on improvement of student motivation with regard to their beliefs. A control group of 43 students was also included as part of this s tudy. In the first study, the belief that intelligence can be altered showed an upward trend in grades that students attained within the two years of the study. The belief that intelligence was fixed did not show either an upward or downward trend on student’s grades. The grades remained unchanged for the period of study. In the second study, the experimental group showed an upward trend in grades while the control group showed a downward trend. These results can be attributed to the many developmental changes that adolescents go through. These changes determine their academic achievements depending on how they affect their beliefs. Consequently, beliefs on intelligence affect their grades significantly. For example, students who believed that intelligence was fixed performed poorly in academics because they lacked the motivation to handle challenges. In contrast, students who believed that they could alter their intelligence, were motivated enough to handle challenges withou t giving up even if they failed. In addition, students in this group worked harder in order to increase their intelligence and attain high grades. According to the findings of the study, intelligence theories can be manipulated in real-life to alter the outcomes of situations. Reaction The study has several strengths that validate the findings. The establishment of control groups helped to authenticate the findings of the experimental groups. In addition, the number of participants eliminated the possibility of bias. The first study involved 337 students while the second study involved 99 students. On the other hand, the first study eliminated any doubt of the finding’s effectiveness in displaying the effects of intelligence theories on achievement because it was conducted for two years. Finally, the study was able to determine the effect of intelligence theories on achievement based on the findings.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It successfully showed the relationship between students’ achievements and their different beliefs with regard to intelligence theories. The study had weaknesses too. It involved students from one school only. This could have introduced some bias in the findings. The study should have included more schools to eliminate partiality because each school has different factors that either aid or hinder students’ belief in intelligence theories. In the second study, the experimental group received additional training that could have introduced some bias in the findings. In addition, the length of study was not sufficient to validate the results. This was unlike in the first study where students were followed for two years. Finally, the study was inconclusive because it did not consider the effect of teaching these theories to students, which could alter their beliefs. It only considered the effect of studentsâ⠂¬â„¢ beliefs on the theories. This research paper on Theories of Intelligence and Students’ Achievements was written and submitted by user Rocco Thompson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.